Sadism and masochism

Sadism, masochism, and sadomasochism are terms used in psychology to describe specific behavioral patterns. Sadism refers to the pleasure derived from humiliating and hurting others, while masochism refers to the enjoyment of experiencing pain and humiliation. Sadomasochism is a combination of these two patterns, where an individual experiences pleasure from both humiliating others and enduring…

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What is Prenatal depression?

Prenatal depression includes depression that occurs during pregnancy and postpartum weeks (postpartum depression). Most prenatal episodes start 4-8 weeks after the baby’s birth. Pregnant women experience sadness, anxiety, and fatigue after childbirth, which may make it difficult to perform daily tasks, including self-care or others. How is postpartum depression different from the “baby blues”? The…

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Generalized anxiety disorder

It’s normal to feel anxious at certain points in life, but persistent and disruptive anxiety needs to be addressed. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a particularly challenging condition that requires proper treatment and follow-up to help individuals make appropriate decisions and lead normal lives. What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder «GAD»? This disorder causes individuals to…

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Social anxiety disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder (previously known as “social phobia”) was officially recognized as a separate phobic disorder in the mid-1960s (Marks Gelder, 1965). The term “social anxiety disorder” reflects the current understanding, including in diagnostic guidelines, and is used throughout the guidelines. According to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) (World Health Organization, 1992)…

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Seasonal Depressive Disorder

In 1984, American psychiatrist Norman Rosenthal first proposed the term “seasonal depression”. Since then, many people have used this term to describe their mental state during different seasons. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that begins with the change of seasons. Winter is reported to be the most common season for this…

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